Representation Of Rational Bézier Quadratics Using Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution And Particle Swarm Optimization

Data representation is a challenging problem in areas such as font reconstruction, medical image and scanned images. Direct mathematical techniques usually give smallest errors but sometime take a much longer time to compute. Alternatively, artificial intelligence techniques are widely used for optimization problem with shorter computation time. Besides, the usage of artificial technique for data representation is getting popular lately. Thus, this thesis is dedicated for the representation of curves and surfaces. Three soft computing techniques namely Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are utilized for the desired manipulation of curves and surfaces. These techniques have been used to optimize control points and weights in the description of spline functions used. Preprocessing components such as corner detection and chord length parameterization are also explained in this thesis. For each proposed soft computing technique, parameter tuning is done as an essential study. The sum of squares error (SSE) is used as an objective function. Therefore, this is also a minimization problem where the best values for control points and weights are found when SSE value is minimized. Rational Bézier quadratics have been utilized for the representation of curves. Reconstruction of surfaces is achieved by extending the rational Bézier quadratics to their rational Bézier bi-quadratic counterpart. Our proposed curve and surface methods with additional help from soft computing techniques have been utilized to vectorize the 2D and 3D shapes and objects

Pembinaan semula fon dengan Bézier kubik menggunakan evolusi pembezaan

Pembinaan semula lengkung banyak digunakan dalam kejuruteraan balikan untuk menghasilkan lengkung. Dalam kajian ini, evolusi pembezaan (EP) digunakan untuk mencari nilai titik kawalan yang optimum bagi lengkung Bézier kubik. Nilai titik kawalan yang diperoleh akan digunakan dalam persamaan lengkung Bézier kubik dan jumlah ralat antara imej sebenar dengan lengkung parametrik yang baru dihitung dengan menggunakan jumlah ralat kuasa dua (JRKD)

Rekabentuk Permukaan Bentuk Bebas Menggunakan Persamaan Perbezaan Separa (PPS) [QA374. Z21 2008 f rb].

Tesis ini akan membincangkan tentang penjanaan permukaan menggunakan kaedah baru yang dipanggil permukaan persamaan pembezaan separa (PPS) yang ditakrif sebagai permukaan licin hasil penyelesaian suatu PPS eliptik seperti yang dibentangkan oleh Bloor dan Wilson (1989). This thesis will discuss on generating surfaces using a novel method call partial differential equations (PDE) surfaces which is defined as smooth surface as a solution of an elliptic PDE as presented by Bloor and Wilson (1989)

Selection of access network using cost function method in heterogeneous wireless network

The challenge for future generation of wireless environment is on how to choose the appropriate wireless access network connection when there are several different wireless networks are existed. Hence, a vertical handover network selection (VHONS) being used to aid in term of service quality for user's satisfaction of the mobile terminal.This article intends to propose a new method of choosing the vertical handover network. This method covers the weight distribution and cost factor techniques.The weight distribution is used to measure different weights for existing wireless network based on the user's preference and mobile terminal power.The cost factor technique is also used to identify the cost for performing handover target by considering every network parameters and its weight.Results obtained showed that the algorithm has the ability to increase user's satisfaction compared to other algorithms, which consistently choose one accessible network

Pembinaan semula fon Arab menggunakan lengkung Bézier kuartik

Padanan lengkung merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering menjadi perhatian terutamanya dalam bidang kejuruteraan balikan sejak dua dekad lepas. Dalam kajian ini, suatu kaedah dan algoritma baru telah direka untuk melakar semula garisan fon Arab. Evolusi pembezaan (EP) telah digunakan untuk mencari penyelesaian yang optimum bagi masalah padanan lengkung dengan menggunakan lengkung Bézier kuartik. Proses padanan lengkung ini merangkumi langkah berikut: Pengekstrakan sempadan dan pengesanan bucu, pemparameteran panjang rentas dan akhir sekali padanan lengkung. Bagi memastikan nilai titik kawalan yang dipilih mampu menghasilkan lengkung berparameter yang menyerupai lengkung asal fon tersebut, jumlah ralat kuasa dua (JRKD) digunakan untuk menghitung perbezaan antara lengkung asal imej dan lengkung berparameter

Surface Reconstruction from Parallel Curves with Application to Parietal Bone Fracture Reconstruction.

Maxillofacial trauma are common, secondary to road traffic accident, sports injury, falls and require sophisticated radiological imaging to precisely diagnose. A direct surgical reconstruction is complex and require clinical expertise. Bio-modelling helps in reconstructing surface model from 2D contours. In this manuscript we have constructed the 3D surface using 2D Computerized Tomography (CT) scan contours. The fracture part of the cranial vault are reconstructed using GC1 rational cubic Ball curve with three free parameters, later the 2D contours are flipped into 3D with equidistant z component. The constructed surface is represented by contours blending interpolant. At the end of this manuscript a case report of parietal bone fracture is also illustrated by employing this method with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) illustration

New Approximation Methods Based on Fuzzy Transform for Solving SODEs: I

In this paper, new approximation methods for solving systems of ordinary differential equations (SODEs) by fuzzy transform (FzT) are introduced and discussed. In particular, we propose two modified numerical schemes to solve SODEs where the technique of FzT is combined with one-stage and two-stage numerical methods. Moreover, the error analysis of the new approximation methods is discussed. Finally, numerical examples of the proposed approach are confirmed, and applications are presented

New Approximation Methods Based on Fuzzy Transform for Solving SODEs: II

In this research, three approximation methods are used in the new generalized uniform fuzzy partition to solve the system of differential equations (SODEs) based on fuzzy transform (FzT). New representations of basic functions are proposed based on the new types of a uniform fuzzy partition and a subnormal generating function. The main properties of a new uniform fuzzy partition are examined. Further, the simpler form of the fuzzy transform is given alongside some of its fundamental results. New theorems and lemmas are proved. In accordance with the three conventional numerical methods: Trapezoidal rule (one step) and Adams Moulton method (two and three step modifications), new iterative methods (NIM) based on the fuzzy transform are proposed. These new fuzzy approximation methods yield more accurate results in comparison with the above-mentioned conventional methods

Shape Preserving Data Interpolation Using Rational Cubic Ball Functions

A smooth curve interpolation scheme for positive, monotone, and convex data is developed. This scheme uses rational cubic Ball representation with four shape parameters in its description. Conditions of two shape parameters are derived in such a way that they preserve the shape of the data, whereas the other two parameters remain free to enable the user to modify the shape of the curve. The degree of smoothness is C1. The outputs from a number of numerical experiments are presented

Curve Reconstruction In Different Cubic Functions Using Differential Evolution

This paper discusses the comparison on using two types of curves for curve reconstruction. Differential Evolution (DE) is used to optimize the parameter in the related spline function. DE minimized the Sum Square Error (SSE) to find the best curve that fit the data. The two curves namely cubic Bézier and cubic Ball is used for comparison purposes. For the curve reconstruction, the cubic Ball consumes less calculation time compare to cubic Bézier and gives better curve approximation based on the errors result. Visualization and numerical comparison shall be given